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To know the web protocol you have to first perceive what the web is. Primarily the web consists of teams of computer systems, every group could also be represented by a road or a zone and theses teams are linked collectively by way of gadgets known as gateways. When one laptop in a zone needs to ship information to a different laptop, it could be in the identical zone or one other zone and this laptop could also be an everyday host or a server.
The machine that connects these zones is named gateways or routers and the strategies that they observe to ship the info are known as protocols. Every gateway could also be configured to make use of a sure protocol but it surely have to be the identical amongst all of the zones to ensure that work correctly.
The web makes use of what are known as TCP/IP between these zones so as to ship the info. The IP protocol is used to ship the packet between the supply and the vacation spot based mostly on IP addresses which is outlined inside the protocol. The ip addresses are 32 bits lengthy and are separated in two components: one half defines the zone or the realm inside which the host rely and the opposite half defines the host itself. This corresponds to road identification the place we should establish the road title and the variety of the home. The road title corresponds to the community handle and the home quantity corresponds to the pc handle.
As soon as the IP addresses are outlined the gateways can use these addresses to ahead the packets between the gateways till they arrive to the vacation spot. Recall that these gateways are like airports that are used to journey between international locations and the zones on the community correspond to those international locations, so when the info journey between totally different zones they have to first go to the gateways so as to be forwarded.
There are various protocols that can be utilized to ahead the packet based mostly on the IP addresses however all of them share the identical operate. Some widespread names are RIP, OSPF, and IS-IS. Each has its personal traits from the viewpoint scalability, convergence, and reminiscence measurement. When the packet arrives to the router, it checks the IP handle and forwards it on a selected port relying on the handle. Every packet could also be forwarded to a number of ports however protocol chooses one of the best port. This course of is repeated on every router whereas the packet is in its method to the vacation spot.
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